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Geography
Islam was located on The Arabian Peninsula. Islam is a part of Asia and it is the crossroads of three continents. The land is surrounded by water but it is composed of mostly desert. The desert land is very dry and it's made up of mostly sand and rock. Since there is very little rain, the soil is poor and the temperatures are very high. they also encountered many frequent sand storms. Even though The Arabian Peninsula is mostly desert, an oasis could have be found. An oasis is a wet, fertile area in a desert caused by aquifers. Since lots of water and fertile soil could be found near an oasis, people began to settle around them. Some human adaptations were that they had to live a Nomadic lifestyle. Since food and water sources are scarce, people had to constantly move from place to place. They also adapted to the hot weather by wearing loose clothing, growing beards, and wearing ghutras to protect their face. Some animal adaptations were that camels had a third eyelid to protect them from sand storms, they needed very little water, and they had wide foot that didn't allow them to sink into the sand. The oryx are also able to walk 100's of miles to find vegetation and fat tail scorpions can live a year without eating.
Islam was located on The Arabian Peninsula. Islam is a part of Asia and it is the crossroads of three continents. The land is surrounded by water but it is composed of mostly desert. The desert land is very dry and it's made up of mostly sand and rock. Since there is very little rain, the soil is poor and the temperatures are very high. they also encountered many frequent sand storms. Even though The Arabian Peninsula is mostly desert, an oasis could have be found. An oasis is a wet, fertile area in a desert caused by aquifers. Since lots of water and fertile soil could be found near an oasis, people began to settle around them. Some human adaptations were that they had to live a Nomadic lifestyle. Since food and water sources are scarce, people had to constantly move from place to place. They also adapted to the hot weather by wearing loose clothing, growing beards, and wearing ghutras to protect their face. Some animal adaptations were that camels had a third eyelid to protect them from sand storms, they needed very little water, and they had wide foot that didn't allow them to sink into the sand. The oryx are also able to walk 100's of miles to find vegetation and fat tail scorpions can live a year without eating.
![Picture](/uploads/2/3/5/3/23532550/3171617.png?236)
Religion
The revelation of Islam is Muhammad's preaching's after his visit from Mt. Hira. After his visit from Mt. Hira he was visited by Angel Gabriel who told him to preach to Islam and force them to surrender to Allah. When he returned to Mecca Muhammad told everyone to destroy statues of other gods and worship Allah. He also said that people are equal, the rich should share their money, and living a good life is better than being wealthy. Not everyone followed him but those who were followers of Islam became known as Muslims. The Muslim holy books are the Quar'an- words of Allah, given to Muhammad and The Sunna- described how Muhammad lived his life. Some of the Islamic practices are that they are forbidden to worship icons, they cannot drink or eat pork, women must be covered from head to toe, and believers must follow the 5 pillars of Islam. The Muslims also worshiped on Fridays at a Mosque which is a grand building. Before entering you must take off your shoes. The 5 Pillars of Islam are the ways Muslims should live their life. The first pillar is Shahada (faith) - Muslims demonstrate their belief by saying "there is no god but Allah" and " Muhammad is his prophet." The second pillar is Salat (worship) - no matter where you live Muslims should pray 5 times a day facing Mecca. The third pillar is Zakat (giving) - Muslims give 2.5% of the value of everything they posses to the poor. The fourth pillar is Sawm (fasting) - during Ramadan Muslims may not eat or drink from sunrise to sunset. The fifth and final pillar is Hajj (pilgrimage) - every Muslim who is able to, must go to Mecca to be spiritually close to Allah.
The revelation of Islam is Muhammad's preaching's after his visit from Mt. Hira. After his visit from Mt. Hira he was visited by Angel Gabriel who told him to preach to Islam and force them to surrender to Allah. When he returned to Mecca Muhammad told everyone to destroy statues of other gods and worship Allah. He also said that people are equal, the rich should share their money, and living a good life is better than being wealthy. Not everyone followed him but those who were followers of Islam became known as Muslims. The Muslim holy books are the Quar'an- words of Allah, given to Muhammad and The Sunna- described how Muhammad lived his life. Some of the Islamic practices are that they are forbidden to worship icons, they cannot drink or eat pork, women must be covered from head to toe, and believers must follow the 5 pillars of Islam. The Muslims also worshiped on Fridays at a Mosque which is a grand building. Before entering you must take off your shoes. The 5 Pillars of Islam are the ways Muslims should live their life. The first pillar is Shahada (faith) - Muslims demonstrate their belief by saying "there is no god but Allah" and " Muhammad is his prophet." The second pillar is Salat (worship) - no matter where you live Muslims should pray 5 times a day facing Mecca. The third pillar is Zakat (giving) - Muslims give 2.5% of the value of everything they posses to the poor. The fourth pillar is Sawm (fasting) - during Ramadan Muslims may not eat or drink from sunrise to sunset. The fifth and final pillar is Hajj (pilgrimage) - every Muslim who is able to, must go to Mecca to be spiritually close to Allah.
![Picture](/uploads/2/3/5/3/23532550/6834539.png?129)
Achievements
The 5 main contributions of the Muslims were irrigation/ wells, the banking system, bookmaking, hospitals, and the Libraries of Cordoba. The first contribution was irrigation and wells. This was an important contribution because irrigation techniques allowed citizens to gather water from underground wells. Gathering lots of water was influential because agriculture depends on irrigation. Also, wells were used to keep water loose through evaporation. The second contribution was The Banking System. This is influential to our world today because banks are located all over so we can deposit or withdraw money. The Banking System also helped to end the confusion caused by many currencies. The third contribution was bookmaking. This was influential because as books became more popular, learning became more popular. The fourth contribution was hospitals. This was important because hospitals were designed to promote health, cure diseases, and expand medical knowledge. The fifth contribution was the Libraries of Cordoba. This was influential because it became the center of learning and intellectual life, and the library contained over 400,000 books.
The 5 main contributions of the Muslims were irrigation/ wells, the banking system, bookmaking, hospitals, and the Libraries of Cordoba. The first contribution was irrigation and wells. This was an important contribution because irrigation techniques allowed citizens to gather water from underground wells. Gathering lots of water was influential because agriculture depends on irrigation. Also, wells were used to keep water loose through evaporation. The second contribution was The Banking System. This is influential to our world today because banks are located all over so we can deposit or withdraw money. The Banking System also helped to end the confusion caused by many currencies. The third contribution was bookmaking. This was influential because as books became more popular, learning became more popular. The fourth contribution was hospitals. This was important because hospitals were designed to promote health, cure diseases, and expand medical knowledge. The fifth contribution was the Libraries of Cordoba. This was influential because it became the center of learning and intellectual life, and the library contained over 400,000 books.
![Picture](/uploads/2/3/5/3/23532550/7683169.png?200)
Politics
The first 4 caliphs a.k.a. "rightly guided caliphs" were chosen to be the successors of Muhammad after he died. All 4 caliphs each had a personal connection with Muhammad. While they were ruling the 4 caliphs quadrupled the size of the Islamic Empire in just 30 years. The 4 caliphs were Abu Baker (father-in-law), Umar (friend), Uthman (son-in-law), and Ali (first cousin/son-in-law). After the rightly guided caliphs died, a family known as the Umayyads emerged and took power. They started a tradition that the caliph's son would become the next caliph (blood related). This soon led to a disagreement of who would become the next caliph. The sunnis which were the majority of the Muslims accepted the Umayyads as the rightful leaders. Although they accepted the Umayyads, they believed Muslim leaders should be elected and that they should have a direct relationship with Allah. The shites which was only 10% of the muslims believed ONLY descendants of Muhammad should be caliphs. They rejected the first three caliphs and denied the Umayyad rule.
The first 4 caliphs a.k.a. "rightly guided caliphs" were chosen to be the successors of Muhammad after he died. All 4 caliphs each had a personal connection with Muhammad. While they were ruling the 4 caliphs quadrupled the size of the Islamic Empire in just 30 years. The 4 caliphs were Abu Baker (father-in-law), Umar (friend), Uthman (son-in-law), and Ali (first cousin/son-in-law). After the rightly guided caliphs died, a family known as the Umayyads emerged and took power. They started a tradition that the caliph's son would become the next caliph (blood related). This soon led to a disagreement of who would become the next caliph. The sunnis which were the majority of the Muslims accepted the Umayyads as the rightful leaders. Although they accepted the Umayyads, they believed Muslim leaders should be elected and that they should have a direct relationship with Allah. The shites which was only 10% of the muslims believed ONLY descendants of Muhammad should be caliphs. They rejected the first three caliphs and denied the Umayyad rule.
![Picture](/uploads/2/3/5/3/23532550/9844474.png?227)
Economy
Economy and trade flourished in Mecca due to the Kaaba. The Kaaba boosted trade because many worshippers were making the pilgrimage to the Kaaba. Since citizens from all over the world were coming to Mecca, trade was able to become popular. They traded cloth, linen, spices, and perfumes. Mecca was also located at the crossroads of many country's so it became a vibrant place to trade. The Kaaba boosted the economy because since many people were settling in Mecca, the government was able to raise taxes. The Bedouins were desert herders that moved from oasis to oasis. Since the Arabian Peninsula lacked resources for survival they had to live the Nomadic lifestyle- moving from place to place. The Bedouins were organized into groups called clans, based on your blood and marriage. They lived in tents and they mostly ate dried fruits and nuts. Each clan provided security and support and they had good fighting skills in order to protect themselves from other clans.
Economy and trade flourished in Mecca due to the Kaaba. The Kaaba boosted trade because many worshippers were making the pilgrimage to the Kaaba. Since citizens from all over the world were coming to Mecca, trade was able to become popular. They traded cloth, linen, spices, and perfumes. Mecca was also located at the crossroads of many country's so it became a vibrant place to trade. The Kaaba boosted the economy because since many people were settling in Mecca, the government was able to raise taxes. The Bedouins were desert herders that moved from oasis to oasis. Since the Arabian Peninsula lacked resources for survival they had to live the Nomadic lifestyle- moving from place to place. The Bedouins were organized into groups called clans, based on your blood and marriage. They lived in tents and they mostly ate dried fruits and nuts. Each clan provided security and support and they had good fighting skills in order to protect themselves from other clans.
![Picture](/uploads/2/3/5/3/23532550/6731889.png?222)
Social Structure
The beliefs of Islam attracted the poor, but the wealthy opposed Muhammad's message. The beliefs of Islam was that people are all equal and the rich should share their wealth. The rich opposed his message because they didn't like the idea that they would have to share their money. Muhammad also said that wealth was not as important as leading a good life and he warned that on judgment day God would cherish the good and punish the evil. The third pillar, Zakat, states that Muslims must give 2.5% of the value of everything they posses to the poor. The poor accepted the beliefs of Islam right away, because the beliefs were promoting equality among all the social classes.
The beliefs of Islam attracted the poor, but the wealthy opposed Muhammad's message. The beliefs of Islam was that people are all equal and the rich should share their wealth. The rich opposed his message because they didn't like the idea that they would have to share their money. Muhammad also said that wealth was not as important as leading a good life and he warned that on judgment day God would cherish the good and punish the evil. The third pillar, Zakat, states that Muslims must give 2.5% of the value of everything they posses to the poor. The poor accepted the beliefs of Islam right away, because the beliefs were promoting equality among all the social classes.